Time is money
Patience is not a virtue for website visitors and online shoppers. Every fraction of a second counts when it comes to keeping – or losing – a visitor to your website.
Loading time is a major contributing factor to page abandonment, according to an infographic on the Kissmetrics blog using statistics from Akamai and Gomez. Because the average web visitor has no patience for a page that takes too long to load, abandonment increases as a percentage with every second of load time. Nearly 40 percent of users will abandon a page after 3 seconds, the blog noted. Mobile Internet users probably experience the most frustration with this issue – 73 percent noted that they’ve encountered a website that was too slow to load.
The page load problem directly impacts the shopping behavior of website visitors. The Kissmetrics blog noted that 79 percent of shoppers who were dissatisfied with website performance are less likely to buy from the same site again. Nearly half of consumers expect page to load in 2 seconds or less, and a 1 second delay will decrease customer satisfaction by 16 percent. The consequences of these delays translate into real money. In a Fast Company article, ecommerce giant Amazon revealed that a page load slowdown of only 1 second would cost it $1.6 billion in sales revenue. Similarly, Google noted that a slow-down of just four tenths of a second in its search results would result in a loss of 8 million searches per day, which translate into millions less in online advertising.
Getting to the Heart of the Problem
The biggest contributing factors impacting load time are images, videos and graphics on today’s websites. Today’s websites incorporate more visuals, and less text, to draw in visitors. According to HTTP Archive, nearly 64 percent of a website’s average weight is images, while video accounts for another 8 percent.
Since these types of media account for nearly three quarters of the website size, it’s important for you to more effectively managing images and videos on your site to improve performance and conversion rates. Let’s look at some steps you can take to reduce the impact of images and video on your website’s performance.
Use More Efficient, Modern Image Formats
Google has added support for its WebP image format to Chrome browsers, and Microsoft has done the same for JPEG-XR in most of its Internet Explorer and Edge browsers. But many developers have still not embraced these changes, sticking with the same JPG and PNG formats, rather than taking advantage of how the modern formats can optimize their sites. Ideally, you should convert images to the WebP and JPEG-XR when appropriate, and adjust compression quality to balance between the formats. It’s important to also detect the specific browser that accesses each image and deliver a version of the image optimized to the respective browser. Doing so will enable you to ensure users receive the best images possible, in terms of visual quality and file size optimization, without slowing down your site.
Eliminate Wasteful Browser-side Resizing
Developers often use browser-side image resizing as a shortcut, rather than resizing images on the server-side. While the end result looks exactly the same on modern browsers, the impact on bandwidth is quite different. With browser-side resizing, website visitors waste precious time downloading an unnecessarily large image and you waste bandwidth delivering it to them. For older browsers, the problem is even more pronounced as their resizing algorithms are usually sub-par. You need to make sure your images perfectly fit their required website dimensions. It’s well worth creating different thumbnails of the same image rather than delivering a large image and relying on the browser to resize it. There some tools available that can assist with this, such as an open source image resizer like ImageMagick or a cloud-based solution like Cloudinary.
Use Correct Image File Types
JPEG, PNG and GIF are the most common file formats used on websites today, but each one has very different roles. Use the wrong format and you’re wasting your visitors’ time and your own money. A frequent mistake is using PNGs to deliver photographs. There is a common misconception that PNGs, as lossless formats, will yield the highest possible reproduction for the photos. While this is generally true, this is also quite an unnecessary optimization. It’s important to keep in mind what image format should be used for the content shown. PNG should be used for computer generated images (charts, logos, etc.) or when you need transparency in your image (image overlays); JPEG when you are showing a captured photograph; and GIF when animation is needed (Ajax loading animation, etc.).
Don’t Use a Single Image Size Across All Delivery Mediums
Your website is being viewed by many different devices, particularly as smartphones, tablets and smartwatches have become preferred by consumers. Often developers offer the same images across all device resolutions, using client-side resizing for the images. The images may look great, but visitors waste time loading unnecessarily large images to their devices and you pay for redundant bandwidth usage. This is particularly unfair to 3G users and roaming users who pay a large extra to download the uselessly extra high resolution images. To avoid these issues, you should identify visitors’ mobile devices and resolution using their user agent and optionally additional client-side Javascript code. With the correct resolution in hand, retrieve the best fitting image from your servers. This requires that you make available a set of thumbnails for each of your original images. There are excellent Javascript packages available that will automate this process.
Leverage Responsive Design
Each device that a visitor is using to access your site has different resolution. A website's markup must adapt itself to look perfect on all the different devices and in various resolutions, pixel densities and mobile device orientations. Managing, transforming and delivering images, is one of the main challenges of responsive design that web developers face. Due to these challenges, many websites are built with the highest resolution images that may be needed and simply scaled down client-side depending on the breakpoint. This process is inefficient and harms performance. But there are options, such as the open source tool responsivebreakpoints.com, which can help you generate all the image sizes you will need, as well as the appropriate html code.
Utilize Content Delivery Networks (CDNs)
CDNS typically have servers strategically deployed around the world to shorten content round-trip times. CDNs allow images to be served more quickly to users and reduce the likelihood of crashes, enhance SEO performance, and improve the user experience. When you are choosing a CDN, you will need to consider its level of global coverage, the caching rate, ability to run logical operations at the edge, average response times, and other metrics, such as average invalidation times.
The Impact of Change
By employing these best practices, you can truly make a difference in the user experience, encouraging visitors to stay longer, browse more, engage and make purchases. Consider the results of these companies:
Apartment List, an online resource that helps individuals search for rental housing, found itself dealing with a variety of different image formats and resolution as it picks up data feeds of images from the various apartment communities featured on its site. By transforming all of these images into optimal images for presentation on mobile devices of various sizes, as well as desktops, as well as leveraging responsive design techniques, the company saw an increase of nearly 20 percent in its conversion rates.
KartRocket, a SaaS-based eCommerce platform offering a transparent and complete eCommerce ecosystem that helps SMBs to quickly and easily create online stores, needed to find a way to ensure quality of images while not impacting load time or site performance for its clients. It leveraged tools to dynamically control images, so that they were optimized for small thumbnails, large banner images and main product images. This approach enabled KartRocket to achieve a 100x increase in response time for image loading.
The Bottom Line
When time is money, website owners can’t afford not to take all the necessary steps to improve their visitors’ experiences. Even a fraction of a second delay in loading a page could translate into lost revenue and confidence, on the part of the consumer. Considering that images and videos are the biggest bandwidth hogs on most websites, you need to take a serious look at your web design and image formats, then take the steps necessary to ensure that media is optimized so your site – not to mention your revenues and customer perceptions – don’t suffer as result.
Further Reading on Image Optimization
- Website image optimization and fast delivery with Cloudinary
- The complete guide to PHP image compression and optimization
- Python Image Optimization and Transformation
- Image Optimization in Ruby
- Image Optimization for WordPress
- Learn about the pros and cons of JPEG 2000
- Adopting the WebP Image Format for Android on Websites Or Native Apps
- 10 Website Image Mistakes that Slow Load Times
- Automatically Reduce Image Size Without Losing Quality
- Automate Placeholder Generation and Accelerate Page Loads
- 3 Ways to Do Progressive JPEG Encoding
